Pictures Of CIRCULATORY DISTURBANCES
GANGRENE
GANGRENE Definition: it is necrosis of tissue with super-added putrifaciton. Gangrene may be: Primary. Secondary. The difference lies in the cause of the tissue necrosis. Primary gangrene: is brought about by infection with pathologic bacteria which both kill the tissue by secreting potent exotoxins and then invade and digest the dead tissue e.g. […]
EDEMA
EDEMA Definition: It is excessive accumulation of fluids in tissue spaces and serous sacs. Normally: A certain amount of fluid is distributed in the interstitial tissues of the body, which is regulated by: 1- The normal capillary permeability. 2- The normal hydrostatic pressure in the venous capillaries. 3- By the normal osmotic pressure of the […]
EMBOLISM
EMBOLISM Definition: It is the circulation of undissolved material known as embolus and its impaction in small arteries. Embolism occurs only in arteries, never in veins except in the portal veins. Type of emboli: 1- Detached part of a thrombus: Non-infected thrombotic emboli lead to infarction while infected ones lead to pyemia. 2- Tumor emboli: […]
THROMBOSIS
THROMBOSIS Definition It is a vital process with the formation of a solid mass (thrombus) from blood element essentially platelets inside the cardio-vascular system during life. Causes of thrombosis: 1. Damage of endothelial wall: as in atherosclerosis, direct pressure, trauma or inflammation of the arterial wall. 2. Slowing of the circulation: • In leg veins […]
INFARCTION
INFARCTION Definition It means necrosis of some part due to complete ischemia. All infarcts present as coagulative necrosis except the brain which presents as liquifactive necrosis. Types of infarction: A. Red or hemorrhagic infarction: Sites: lung, intestine. It is infarction which remains red as occurs in the lungs and intestine due to increased blood content […]
HYPEREMEA
HYPEREMEA Definition: It is increased accumulation of blood in tissues. Hyperemia may be: a) Active (arterial) Or b) Passive (Venous) – Active or arterial hyperemia: In which the arterioles and capillaries are dilated and filled with blood, it may be physiological e.g. in muscular exercise or pathological e.g. in acute inflammation (the vascular response). – […]
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